Folktales Throughout History

Where and when did folktales originate? That question's unanswerable because the stories likely predate literacy and printing. And contemporary folklorists prioritize function over origin. Nonetheless, scholars have unearthed old written versions of popular tales, possibly the first recorded variants of certain stories or tale types: 

1290s - 1210s B.C.E., The Doomed Prince (ATU 934 Tales of the Predestined Death)

1200 - 1194 B.C.E., The Story of Two Brothers (ATU 318 The Faithless Wife)

300 - 200 B.C.E., Book of Tobit: II 3 -7 (ATU 505 The Grateful Dead)

1 - 200 C.E., Perseus and Andromeda (ATU 300 The Dragon-Slayer)

120s - 170s C.E., Cupid and Psyche (ATU 425B Son of the Witch)

850 - 860 C.E., Yeh-hsien (ATU 510A Cinderella)

1022 - 1024 C.E., About a Girl Saved from Wolf Cubs (ATU 333 Little Red Riding Hood)

1225 C.E., Ejemplo de Dos Compañeros (ATU 613 The Two Travelers)

1330 - 1340 C.E., Troylus and Zellandine (ATU 410 Sleeping Beauty)

1382 C.E., Culhwch and Olwen (ATU 513 The Extraordinary Companions)

1462 C.E., The Wright's Chaste Wife (ATU 882 The Wager on the Wife’s Chastity)

1605 C.E., Conomerus and Trifina (ATU 312 The Maiden-Killer)

1675 C.E. The Woman to the Plow, the Man to the Hen-Roost (ATU 1408 The Man Who Does His Wife’s Work)

This barely scratches the surface of what's out there but it's a start for reading and research.